What is a pacemaker and what does it do?

A pacemaker is a battery driven device, which is placed (implanted) in the chest in order to prevent the heart from beating too slowly. The pacemaker continuously monitors the heart rhythm and when a slow rhythm is detected, it produces electrical signals and stimulates the heart. A pacemaker can treat the symptoms caused by the slow heart rate (fatigue, dizziness, fainting etc). It cannot, though, treat fast heart rates and symptoms caused by tachycardias.

A biventricular pacemaker or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a specific type of pacemaker which is used when there is both heart failure and uncoordinated contraction of the ventricles. A CRT device can stimulate both ventricles of the heart simultaneously in a coordinated way, obtaining a more efficient contraction of the heart. A biventricular pacemaker has all functions that a common pacemaker has, which means that it also prevents slow heart rate and relieves the symptoms caused by bradycardias, but it cannot prevent or treat fast heart rates.

The size and shape of a pacemaker may vary depending on the manufacturer and the model. A biventricular pacemaker is in general larger than a common pacemaker.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How does a pacemaker work?

A pacemaker monitors the heart’s electrical activity and delivers small electrical pulses when it detects a heartbeat that is too slow, helping maintain a normal rhythm.

Can you feel a pacemaker once it’s implanted?

Most people cannot feel the pacemaker itself, but they may be aware of its presence initially. Over time, they usually become accustomed to it.

What are the risks of pacemaker implantation?

Risks include infection, bleeding, or lead displacement, but these are rare when the procedure is performed by an experienced specialist.

How long does a pacemaker battery last?

A pacemaker battery typically lasts 7 to 15 years, depending on usage, after which the device can be replaced in a simple outpatient procedure.

Can you live a normal life with a pacemaker?

Yes, most people with a pacemaker can resume normal activities, though some precautions, such as avoiding strong electromagnetic fields, are needed.